E-Waste Management2017 | Elsevier
Keywords: Tyre wastes; Energy recovery; Supported-catalyst pyrolysis; Levels of beds; Oyster shells
The treatment and disposal of tyres from vehicles has long been of considerable environmental importance. Studies have been undertaken to reduce their environmental impact. In this study, an alternative gas was produced from automobile tyre wastes by the means of a controlled pyrolysis. To do so, a novel catalytic system was designed with the aim of increasing the rate of conversion and improving the quality of the pyrolysis products. This work aimed also to reduce the severity of the overall reactions, by using powder catalysts (MgO, Al2O3, CaCO3, and zeolite ZSM-5) uniformly distributed on two layers of oyster shells (OS) particles. The catalyst/tyres mass ratio was kept for all the tests at 1/30. The pyrolysis reactor was maintained at 500 °C and the influence of each catalyst and of the number of shell beds (0, 1 or 2), on the yield and composition of the derived products, was examined. The gas yields could contribute by 1.2% of total consumption in Tunisia. Furthermore, some combinations could upgrade the derived gas and made it possible to use it as such or with the minimum of post-treatment. It was found that, with the use of supported catalyst, the gas produced is 45% greater compared to classical thermal pyrolysis. The Heating value of the produced gas was also improved by the use of supported catalysts; it was found 16% greater with the use of Al2O3/OS compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis. When compared to the gas obtained from only one catalytic supported bed, the sulfur content was reduced by 80% with the use of CaCO3/OS on two catalytic beds.
2012 | Elsevier
Keywords: e-waste, used electric adn eletronic equipement, waste eletric and electronic equipment
Importation of second hand of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) into Kingdom of Cambodia will be generated E-waste because of low quality and short period time for using. E-waste generated and handle practiced by formal and informal sector, which is improper practice on storage, collection, transportation and discarding with municipal waste collect and after that disposed at dumping-site. Ministry of Environment (MoE) in role of responsible the prevention, protection as well as minimizing/reduction all activities that impact to human health and environment from all sources polluted is effort to develop project proposal to conduct research, consultation workshop, training workshop and dissemination to stakeholders related to E-waste generation and its impact to human health and environment.
2009 | Ministry of Environment, Kingdom of Cambodia
Keywords: WEEE, E-waste Management
Inventory studies show that E-waste generation potential ranges from 6792 metric tons in 2008 to 22,443 metric tons in 2019. Further, the results of extensive field work highlighted that the E-waste trade value chain consists of stakeholders, who use twelve processes during E-waste management. These processes are carried out in an environmentally unsound manner, which need to be addressed both at national and city level. These findings are in line with CEA report, which stated that an action plan for the environmentally sound management of E-waste should be prepared and implemented in Cambodia. In this context, the following sections describe the identified needs, objectives, approach and methodology and capacity building effort to address these needs within municipal limits of PPM. Further, the format of the report describes the outcome of this effort.
2009 | Ministry of Environment, Cambodia
Keywords: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipmen, WEEE
Phnom Penh Municipality (PPM) is the capital city of the Royal Kingdom of Cambodia with a total land area of 376.95 Km2. It is equal to 0.20% of the total land area of the country. Administratively, PPM is divided into 7 districts (up to 2008) but now one more district has been determined, 76 communes, 689 villages and 4,320 groups. The population of the city is approximately 1,080,519 consisting of 188,769 households out of which 43% live in urban area and 57% in rural area. Population growth in the city is 3.92%. Double-digit economic growth rates in recent years have triggered an economic boom in Cambodia, with new hotels, restaurants, and residential buildings springing up around the PPM. Due to improved living standards, globalization, international trade, and tourism, the consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has rapidly increased in the urban centers in the country.