World Bank. WHAT A WASTE: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management (page 96). Available from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1334852610766/What_a_Waste2012_Final.pdf on August 15, 2016.
Department of Environment, Park, and Recreation, Ministry of Environment (2016).
Lim Yim Geo and Nazirah Hj. Mohammad. Solid Waste Management in Brunei. Available from: http://solidwastebn.blogspot.com on August 16, 2016.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) mainly comes from homes but can also come from commercial establishments, institutional organization such as schools, and from municipal services such as landscaping and street cleaning. MSW mainly consists of food, paper, plastics, etc. but it can also include hazardous materials such as mercury from broken thermometers, batteries, e-waste, etc. There are five conventional ways in which MSW is commonly disposed of, by composting, open burning, landfilling, incineration and others which include recycling.
Brunei Darussalam
2019
297.22 K
33.59 K
263.63 K
Ministry of Development (2019). Waste Management In Brunei Darussalam. http://env.gov.bn/SitePages/Waste%20Management%20in%20Brunei%20Darussalam.aspx (Access Date: 21 Spet 2023)
Cambodia
2014
1.09 K
868.8
543
General Department of Environment Protection, Ministry of Environment (2016).
MSW is mainly constituted of household waste and household like waste discarded from dwellings, public buildings, factories, markets, hotels, business buildings, restaurants, transport facilities, recreation sites, etc.
Indonesia
2012
64 K
28.8 K
4.48 K
53.76 K
Pariatamby, A. and Tanaka, M. (2014). Municipal solid waste management in Asia and the Pacific Island: Challenges and Strategic Solutions. Available from: http://goo.gl/l9nSqp on August 31, 2016.
Implementation of 3R in Indonesia (2010). Available from: http://www.uncrd.or.jp/content/documents/RT2_03_Indonesia.pdf on September 1, 2016.
Ministry of Environment (2015). Available from: http://www.menlh.go.id/rangkaian-hlh-2015-dialog-penanganan-sampah-plastik/ on September 1, 2016.
Remnant of human daily activities and/or natural processed in the solid form
Directorate General of PSLB3 KLHK Urged to Take Measurable Steps to Handle Waste Volume. THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVES OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/40924/t/Ditjen+PSLB3+KLHK+Didesak+Miliki+Langkah+Terukur+Tangani+Volume+Sampah
Petrilik, J., Ismawati, Y., Digangi, J., Arisandhi, P., Bell, L. & Beeler, B. (2019). Plastic waste flooding Indonesia leads to toxic chemical contamination of the flood chain. https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/indonesia-egg-report-long-v1_2web-en.pdf
Sidik, U.S. (2021). Redesigning Policies and Programs to Combat Plastic Pollution in Indonesia (Ed.). Turning the Tide: How can Indonesia close the loop on plastic waste? (pp 24-29). Wilson Centre. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/uploads/documents/Insight%20Out_April2021_FINALr4.pdf
Hidayat, Y.A., Kiranamahsa, S., & Zamal, M.A. (2019). A study of plastic waste management effectiveness in Indonesia. AIMS Energy, 7(3), pp 350-270. 10.3934/energy.2019.3.350
Meijer, L. J., Van Emmerik, T., Van Der Ent, R., Schmidt, C., & Lebreton, L. (2021). More than 1000 rivers account for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean. Science Advances, 7(18), eaaz5803.
Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (2021). Scaling up ocean financing in the Philippines (PIDS Discussion Paper Series No. 2021-02). P.4, https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2102.pdf
The kNOwWaste Knowledge Platform was developed through a Project Cooperation Agreement funding by UNEP on 2016. The platform provides data and information on holistic waste management to stakeholders in Asia and the Pacific region. The platform was developed with the following aims: generate and consolidate data or information on holistic waste management, transform data into easily comprehensible outputs for use by key stakeholders, map out and disseminate information on international waste management projects under the GPWM and UNEP projects as well as other international partners, and provide capacity building support through dissemination of data or information support for relevant stakeholders on holistic waste and waste management system.