POLICIES AND REGULATIONS

The Decree provide detailed rules on recycling of discarded products and packaging materials under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). The Decree sets out a list of regulated products and compulsory recycling rates, and provides for rules on the Environmental Protection Fund, producers’ obligations to formulate recycling plans, disclose product information, and report recycling performance.

It targets the use of 100% friendly plastic bags environment at commercial centers and supermarkets for living purposes replacement for non-degradable plastic bags.

The document presents Vietnam strategy on solid waste management.

This circular lists the industrial and hazardous wastes and different formats for reporting.

The decree specifies detail for storage, handover, transportation, treatment, and other activities of municipal solid waste, general industrial solid waste and hazardous waste. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) further established the Circular No. 02/2022/TT-BTNMT on Implementation Rules for a Number of Articles of Law on Environmental Protection to lists industrial and hazardous wastes and formats to be used for management documents.

The MOIC has issued a decree to regulate plastic waste processing plants to reduce the impact on workers and the environment. The guide has 14 articles covering plant setup, waste treatment, transportation, and import requirements. Key points include:

- EIA or IEE, certificates, and licenses are required for setup

- Storage of waste outside the plant is prohibited

- Treatment systems and wastewater must meet MOIC standards

- Imported plastic waste must be clean and at least 80% recyclable

- Plant location should be at least 100 meters from a community and 250 meters from a watercourse.

This regulation aims to manage threats from the disposal of industrial waste or wastewater that can detrimentally impact water quality, health, and human life (Article 1). Any solid materials, including plastic bags, are prohibited from being disposed of into the environment and public water sources (Article 3 number 3.3). Additionally, industries treating their waste should follow the standard set by the regulation (Article 8).

The Environmental Protection Law sets regulations and measures for environmental management, control, preservation, and rehabilitation to mitigate pollution from human or natural causes. Operators must comply with regulations for the release, disposal, burning, burying, or demolishing of waste and toxic chemicals. It is prohibited to release wastewater or dispose of waste without treatment based on technical standards.

The 9th NSEDP (2021-2025) aims to promote green growth and climate action, including improving waste management through awareness, financing, and infrastructure development. The circular economy model will be implemented to reduce reliance on natural resources and mitigate environmental degradation, with a focus on waste reduction, recycling, and pollution control. Domestic and foreign investment in waste-related business activities will be encouraged to create jobs and decrease resource use.

This document presents strategy and action plan for Phnom Penh (Capital) to improvise the solid waste management in more sustainable way. 

This environmental guideline encouraged the 3R in solid waste management. 

This Sub-Decree aims to increase effectiveness of plastic reduction on importation, production, distribution and the use of plastic bag in order to improve the public health, environment and landscape.

It focuses on solid waste Management in Phnom Penh. It targets to improve and implement new system of solid waste management in Phnom Penh more effectively. 

The purpose of this sub-decree is to regulate the solid waste management with proper technical manner and safe way in order to ensure the protection of human health and the conservation of biodiversity. This sub-decree applies to all activities related to disposal, storage, collection, transport, recycling, dumping of garbage and hazardous waste. 

This policy targets environmental sustainability. 

The National Marine Litter Policy and Action Plan 2021 - 2030 highlights priority areas and actions to address marine litter pollution in Malaysia.

This policy sets strategies and plans to achieve plastic circularity. It also informs stakeholders how to maximize the value of plastic industry thorough necessary measures. It highlights the environmental and financial aspect of the plastic recycling and provide guidance for sustainable business practice. It also adopts life cycle approach in the plastic value chain. 

This regulation sets strategies such as awareness raising, coastal waste management, funding and investment, monitoring, developing R&D, etc to improve marine waste management. It also has set target to reduce marine plastic waste by 70% by 2025. 

This regulation sets strategies such as awareness raising, coastal waste management, funding and investment, monitoring, developing R&D, etc to improve marine waste management. It also has set target to reduce marine plastic waste by 70% by 2025. 

The roadmap is designed in phases and includes an action plan to curb plastic use through suggested measures such as pollution charge for plastic bags, no straw by default practice to discourage use of plastics among consumers, pollution levy on manufacturing of plastic bags and others. 

The plan highlights waste as a resource and outlines strategies for holistic waste management based on the life cycle approach, segregation at source, and through increased investments and coordination. 

The policy aims to raise public awareness to reduce mismanaged waste disposal through objectives centered on developing a circular economy, strengthening monitoring of solid waste management, reduction in plastic packaging, encouraging 3Rs through separation at source and development of an EPR scheme. 

The strategy positions the waste sector as a contributor to advancing Malaysia's green technology sector, outlining strategies such as waste monetization and waste-to-energy conversion. 

The policy focuses on developing a comprehensive and cost-effective solid waste management system based on the waste management hierarchy, with an emphasis on 3R, prioritizing reduction in waste, efficient and cost-effective management, and strengthening laws and institutions around waste management. 

The policy has specific goals to develop capacity within the green technology sector especially for solid waste management.

The National Waste Management Strategy and Master Plan intends to identify programmes and actions to enhance solid waste collection through the implementation of 3Rs. 

Under Chapter IX on Waste Management, waste treatment should be carried per category in a separate, established facility or center.

One of the measures to meet the NSDS's identified goal of promoting sustainable resource management is the effective management of solid waste, particularly dangerous compounds, such as raising public knowledge about solid waste management and encouraging private investment in these services. 

The Order notes that it is all citizens' duty to protect the environment and prevent pollution when carrying out activities such as waste treatment and disposal, hazardous substance processing, handling and disposing, and any activity done on Brunei waters.

This prohibits disposal of all plastics into the sea, including synthetic ropes and fishing nets, plastic garbage bags, and incinerator ashes.

This prohibits discharge of refuse, garbage, waste, effluents, plastics and dangerous pollutants from ships into the sea.

The document bans seven types of single-use (including plastic bottle cap seals, oxo degradable plastics and plastic microbeads) plastics and mandates recycling of domestic plastic within the designated time frame.

The action plan on plastic waste has a target to develop an extended producer responsibility (EPR) model.

The second phase of the plastic waste management action plan aims to reduce 100% of target plastic waste to landfills by 2027 and reduce 50% of the potential plastic waste leakage to the sea.

Under the National Action Strategy on Marine Litter, coastal water cleaning efforts are prioritized for the removal of flotsam as well as other litters. 

This Act impose regulatory measures on electrical and electronic waste, packaging (including plastic) waste and food waste. The products are regulated through producer responsibility schemes to promote sustainability. 

Under this programme, the public waste collectors (PWCs) licensed by NEA are required to provide recycling bins and recycling collection services to all public housing (HDB) estates and private landed properties to recycle their source segregated paper, plastic, metal and glass waste streams. 

Under MWR, owners of hotels, malls, industrial premises, convention, and exhibition centres must report data on waste disposed and recycled and register their planned and current activities for waste reduction. 

Under this scheme, producers of packaged products are required to submit packaging data annually and develop plans to reduce, reuse, and recycle plastic packaging. 

Zero Waste Masterplan aims to raise the government’s efforts for managing waste issues by adopting a circular economy approach. The policy supports the wider use of on-site food waste digesters at commercial premises as well as the development of integrated waste management facility.

Under this act, the export, import or transit of hazardous wastes is regulatedin accordance with the principles and provisions of the Basel Convention. The act controls transboundary movement of hazardous waste and provide guidelines for the proper management and disposal of these waste. 

The Act provides the management of waste, including the provision of street cleaning, refuse removal for residences, businesses, and industries, and the punishment of litterbugs by corrective work orders. Under section 17 of the Environmental Public Health Act of Singapore, littering is mentioned to be offensive and prohibited with a fine up to $2,000. 

This Act provides for the control of environmental pollution, including air and water for the safe management of hazardous waste and for the protection and management of the environment.

This legislation provides for the cleanliness of public places within Thailand, with Article 26, and 31-33 prohibiting the dumping of debris in public places, water ways, state-owned enterprises, and anywhere other than places designated by the state.

The owner responsible for the source of pollution should construct, provide or install of on-site facility for waste removal according to Section 70.

Clauses 5 and 6 note that waste producers must segregate recyclable and non-recyclable waste, and provide the specifications for recyclable waste bags. 

This legislation sets out the responsibility of the local government to collect, transport, and dispose of waste or sewage. It also prohibits the dumping, discharging, and discarding of sewage or waste in public places. 

This legislation covers the procedures of handling waste to ensure hygiene and cleanliness.

This chapter covers the different types of pollutions and the governmental body that is responsible, including the scope of laws. These pollution types include air and noise pollution, water pollution, other pollution, and hazardous waste.

Article 11 mentions cooperation within countries and international organizations to prevent and combat marine pollution.

Article 50 ensures environmental protection through marine conservation, marine pollution control and prevention and control of pollution.

It requires every ship’s crew to prevent and manage the occurrence of environmental pollution which may include oil, toxic liquids, hazardous materials, garbage, etc. sourced from the vessel to the waters. 

Article 15 requires the party/ entity to manage the marine contamination/ damage as a result of their activities. 

The presidential decree reaffirms the country's promise to effectively manage plastic waste by creating a National Plan of Action to combat marine debris. It outlines combating marine debris sources on land as well as raising awareness on the issue. The decree outlines its management arrangement.

This regulation sets a target for producers to reduce their waste generated from sales of products and packaging by 30% by 2029

Articles 14- 16 of Law 18/2008 stipulates that producer of products and/or packaging must label their products for recycling and are obliged to manage the packaging if it is unable to be decomposed.

Article 12-14 require producers to limit waste generation through use of packaging/production materials that are easily decomposable, recyclable or reusable. 

Article 17 groups waste into five types (waste with hazardous and toxic materials, hazardous and toxic material waste, biodegradable, reusable, recyclable and others) and provides regental/ municipal governments to arrange waste sorting facilities according to the five categories

Article 6 outlines the role of the national and local government to in development of relevant technology and infrastructures for waste reduction, handling and utilization, and facilitation of the 3Rs implementation by generating local awareness, and easing coordination among stakeholders for integrated waste management.

Article 20 states the role of business actors and community (consumers) respectively in waste reduction through use of raw materials in production that produce minimum waste, are recyclable and easily decomposable in nature and the choice of products that are the same in nature. 

Article 21 stipulates government provision of incentives to those who conduct waste reduction and fines for those who do not 

Article 5 of Jakstranas sets a goal of reducing the volume of household waste by 30% and recycling 70% of household waste by 2025.

The regulation intends to enhance coverage of waste disposal service through basic infrastructure management that covers sorting, collection, transportation, processing and final waste handling.  

Article 17 necessitates waste segregation to be carried out by everybody at the source including managers of residential, commercial, industrial, special areas, public and social facilities, and districts/ city governments 

This regulation provides for the reduction and handling of household and similar wastes, with aims to reduce household waste by 30% by 2025.

This legislation aims to protect the environment of the country from pollution and provides provision for the management of hazardous waste.

This law establishes waste management as the government's responsibility and authority, with public and private sector cooperation in achieving effective and efficient waste management in the country. 

Section 5 of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 notes that certain areas should be designated as water quality management areas and each management area should have a multi-sectoral group to manage and monitor the water quality.

Section 27 of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 lists out a list of prohibitions regarding dumping waste into water bodies that result in waste washing up on shore or the blockage of the flow of water. It also prohibits actions that will pollute groundwater.

The Marine Pollution Decree of 1976 comes as a revision of an earlier decree. It is a national policy on pollution of the seas through dumping waste, either on from vessels or from shore-based establishments, under the responsibility of the National Pollution Control Commission.

This Commonwealth Act prohibits the dumping of waste into rivers that will cause a rise in elevation of the riverbeds or will block the stream. Transgressors shall be fined or imprisoned not more than six months.

Under the National Pollution Control Decree of 1976, Section 8 states that it is prohibited to pollute the water and the air, including constructing establishments that pollute the waterways. Section 9 provides the penalties faced by transgressors, including a fine or imprisonment.

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 has a section noting that those who cause pollution in water bodies are responsible to clean-up their incident. In case of emergency, the relevant government body shall take on the task with the polluting party responsible for the reimbursement.

The Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022 is an amendment of RA9003. It deems that large businesses, those with a total asset worth more than P100 million, are required to recover up to 80% of their plastic packaging waste by 2028. These packaging include sachets, bottles, straws, and single-use plastic bags, among others.

Sections 26 to 33 of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 give provisions for a recycling program. It provides a plan for relevant government agencies to map out reclamation programs, labeling of materials, and marketing of recyclable materials.

This republic act details the management of substances that pose a risk to human health and the environment throughout its life cycle.

This presidential decree makes a revision of the earlier Pollution Control Act (Republic Act 3931), restructuring the National Pollution Commission and introducing new duties, including research.

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 provides a framework for a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program. It is composed of seven chapters subdivided into 66 sections that cover, among others, local government participation, waste segregation, recycling programs, etc

This presidential decree prohibits littering in public places, with either a fine or imprisonment between 5 days to a year. It has a provision for all citizens and establishments to clean their own surroundings.