REPORTS & PUBLICATION

REPORTS

The effect of aeration position on the spatial distribution and reduction of pollutants in the landfill stabilization process

2013 | Sage

Three pilot-scale simulators with different aeration systems were constructed to explore the effects of aeration position on the reduction of pollutants. The simulator with a bottom aeration system successfully distributed oxygen and efficiently inhibited methane production. A close relationship was found between the oxygen distribution and the removal of pollutants, especially that of nitrogen. The transition between nitrification and denitrification in the longitude direction of the simulator with a bottom aeration system contributed to nitrogen removal in aerobic conditions. This process can be defined as a new path for nitrogen removal in addition to simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The concentration of NH4 -N, total nitrogen and total organic carbon dropped to 3, 78 and 204 mg, respectively, after 312 days of bottom aeration and to 514, 659 and 828 mg, respectively, after 312 days of top aeration. These results indicate that the bottom aeration system was more efficient for reducing pollutants than the top aeration system.

Clean Energy Future and Carbon Pricing

2012 | Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group

Recent federal legislation introduces a mechanism for pricing greenhouse gas emissions. The price is fixed for an initial three years from July 2012 to July 2015, starting at $23 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (t CO2-e) and rising in the following two years by 2.5% plus the rise in the consumer price index (CPI). From July 2015, a cap-and-trade system will operate with a flexible price determined by the market. In the first years of the flexible price period a floor price of $15/t CO2-e plus CPI plus 4% per year will be applied. Liability for the carbon price falls on sites which annually emit 25,000 t CO2-e or more. The methods to determine liabilities are those of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (NGER) Act. The liable entity is generally the organisation with operational control of the facility. This could be a local government. Carbon pricing acts largely to support the existing directions of councils waste strategies, diversion from landfill and waste minimisation

Greenhouse gas emission mitigation potential of rice husks for An Giang province, Vietnam

2011 | Elsevier

To evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation potential of rice husk utiliza-tion, a life cycle inventory analysis was conducted for 18 scenarios. The allocation of fuels, other than rice husks, was decided based on the current demand for and supply of rice husks. To prevent the bulky nature of rice husks, briquette production is also discussed. In the power generation scenarios, the differences between two capacities (5 MW and 30 MW) were analyzed. The results of analysis reveal that CH4 and N2O emissions from open burning contribute largely to the current GHG emissions. Therefore, ceasing open burning alone has a large GHG mitigation potential. The use of briquettes, even though GHG is emitted during the production stage, can still contribute to GHG emission mitigation as the production is more efficient than rice husk burning or dumping. In the power generation scenarios, most GHG emissions were derived from the combustion process. Therefore, gasification which has a little combustion process is the most efficient GHG mitigator. Both the replacement of grid electricity by generated electricity, and the replacement of diesel oil by pyrolyzed oil show larger GHG mitigation potentials than what could be derived from open burning cessation alone.

Implications of Carbon Pricing for Waste Management in Metropolitan Melbourne

2011 | Metropolitan Waste and Resource Recovery Group

Waste management has both negative and positive greenhouse impacts. Negative impacts include emissions from landfills,organics processing and fossil fueluse. Positive impacts include the generation of renewable energy, emission offsets from materials recovery and carbon storage The Federal Government movesto put a dollar price on some of these carbon impacts will affect the costs of waste management. This information sheet summarises the ways that carbon pricing are likely to affect waste management in metropolitan Melbourne. It addresses the carbon pricing mechanism, the carbon farming initiative, materials and energy recovery and what council waste managers can do. It has been developed by Blue Environment Pty Ltd on behalf of MWMG.

Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from waste management processes for municipalities A comparative review focusing

2011 | Elsevier

The amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted due to waste management in the cities of developing countries is predicted to rise considerably in the near future; however, these countries have a series of problems in accounting and reporting these gases. Some of these problems are related to the status quo of waste management in the developing world and some to the lack of a coherent framework for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gases from waste at municipal level. This review summarizes and compares GHG emissions from individual waste management processes which make up a municipal waste management system, with an emphasis on developing countries and, in particular, Africa. It should be seen as a first step towards developing a more holistic GHG accounting model for municipalities.

Waste management activities and carbon emissions in Africa

2011 | Elsevier

his paper summarizes research into waste management activities and carbon emissions from territories in sub-Saharan Africa with the main objective of quantifying emission reductions (ERs) that can be gained through viable improvements to waste management in Africa. It demonstrates that data on waste and carbon emissions is poor and generally inadequate for prediction models. The paper shows that the amount of waste produced and its composition are linked to national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Waste production per person is around half that in developed countries with a mean around 230 kg/hd/yr. Sub-Saharan territories produce waste with a biogenic carbon content of around 56% (+/25%), which is approximately 40\% greater than developed countries. This waste is disposed in uncontrolled dumps that produce large amounts of methane gas. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from waste will rise with increasing urbanization and can only be controlled through funding mechanisms from developed countries

The kNOwWaste Knowledge Platform was developed through a Project Cooperation Agreement funding by UNEP on 2016. The platform provides data and information on holistic waste management to stakeholders in Asia and the Pacific region. The platform was developed with the following aims: generate and consolidate data or information on holistic waste management, transform data into easily comprehensible outputs for use by key stakeholders, map out and disseminate information on international waste management projects under the GPWM and UNEP projects as well as other international partners, and provide capacity building support through dissemination of data or information support for relevant stakeholders on holistic waste and waste management system.
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